SIKKA Rupees 982.8 annas,1894

INDIAN BANKNOTES ANCIENT COINS,STAMPS,POSTAL HISTORY,,,
numisworld@gmail.com

indian coins,postal history,banknotes,moghul coins,sultanate,indian banknotes,rare banknotes,bank of bengal,farmans,buddha coins,india bank of salem,ancient coins,mythology,ancient science,roman coins,

CLAY LETTER COVER OF SUMERIA 3200 YEARS OLD

Old Akkadian, which was used until the end of the third century BCE, differs from both Babylonian and Assyrian; and was displaced by these dialects. The two dialects, which were to become the primary dialects, were easily distinguishable by the 21st century BCE. Old Babylonian, along with the closely related dialect Mariotic, is clearly more innovative than the Old Assyrian dialect and the more distantly related Eblaite language. For this reason, forms like lu-prus (I will decide) are first encountered in Old Babylonian instead of the older la-prus(even though it was archaic compared to Akkadian). On the other hand, Assyrian developed certain innovations as well, such as the "Assyrian vowel harmony" (which is not comparable to that found in Turkish or Finnish). Eblaite is even more archaic, retaining a productive dual and a relative pronoun declined in case, number and gender. Both of which had already disappeared in Old Akkadian.
Old Babylonian was the language of king Hammurabi and his code, which was one of the oldest collections of laws in the world.
The Middle Babylonian (or Assyrian) period started in the 1500s BCE. The division comes from the Kassite invasion of Babylonia around 1550 BCE, and their reign for 300 years. The Kassites gave up their own language in favor of Akkadian, but they had little influence on the language. At its apogee, Middle Babylonian was the written language of diplomacy of the entire ancient Orient, including Egypt. During this period, a large number of loan words were included in the language from North West Semitic languages and Hurrian; however, the use of these words was confined to the fringes of the Akkadian speaking territory.

INDIAN BANKNOTES ANCIENT COINS,STAMPS,POSTAL HISTORY,,,
musham3@gmail.com

Census ads on postcards

MUSHAM BANKNOTES ANCIENTCOINS,STAMPS,POSTALHISTORY MY @ MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

SamudraManthan scene on ANGORVAT and BANKNOTE,musham3@gmail.com

MUSHAM BANKNOTES ANCIENTCOINS,STAMPS,POSTALHISTORY MY @ MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

Samudra manthan; or The churning of the ocean of milk is one of the most famous episodes in the Puranas and is celebrated in a major way every twelve years in the festival known as Kumbha Mela. The story appears in the Srimad Bhagavatam, the Mahabharata and the Vishnu Purana.
The story of Samudra Manthan
Kurma Avatar of Vishnu, below Mount Mandara, with Vasuki wrapped around it, during Samudra manthan, the churning of the ocean of milk. ca 1870.

Once Indra, the King of Gods, while riding on an elephant came across a sage named Durvasa who offered him a special garland. Indra accepted the garland but put in on the trunk of the elephant. The elephant was irritated by the smell and it threw the garland on the floor. This enraged the sage as the garland was a dwelling of Sri (fortune) and was to be treated as prasada. Durvasa Muni cursed Indra and all devas to be bereft of all strength, energy, and fortune.

In battles that followed this incident, Devas were defeated and Asuras (demons) led by king Bali, gained control of the universe. Devas sought help from Lord Vishnu who advised them to treat asuras in a diplomatic manner. Devas formed an alliance with asuras to jointly churn the ocean for the nectar of immortality and to share it among them. However, Lord Vishu told Devas that he would arrange that they alone obtain the nectar.

Churning the Milky Ocean

The churning of the Ocean of Milk was an elaborate process. Mount Mandaranchal was used as the dasher (churning tool), and Vasuki, the king of serpents, became the churning rope. The gods held the tail of the snake, while the demons (Asuras) held its head, and they pulled on it alternately causing the mountain to rotate, which in turn churned the ocean. However, once the mountain was placed on the ocean, it began to sink. Vishnu in his second incarnation, in the form of a turtle Kurma, came to their rescue and supported the mountain on his back.

Note that the Mahabharata version of the story differs in many respects from the one in the various Puranas such as Bhagawat, Brahma-vaivarta, and Agni. For example, in Mahabharata, it was not Vishnu who took the Kurma avatara, but the Akupara, the king of tortoises, who did it on request from Devas and Asuras.

Halahal =kalakuta

During the Samudra Mathan by the gods and demons, a pot of poison, Halahala, also came out of the ocean. This terrified the gods and demons because the poison was so toxic that it might have destroyed all of creation. On the advice of Vishnu, gods approached Shiva for help and protection. Out of compassion for living beings, Shiva drank the poison. It was so potent that it changed the color of Shiva's neck to blue. For this reason, he is also called Neelakantha (the blue-necked one, nīla = "blue", kantha = "throat").

Ratnas

All kinds of herbs were cast into the ocean and fourteen Ratnas (gems or treasures) were produced from the ocean and were divided between asuras and gods. These were

Lakshmi, the Goddess of Fortune and Wealth -Vishnu's consort
Kaustubha, the most valuable jewel in the world
Parijata, the divine flowering tree with blossoms that never fade or wilt
Varuni, goddess and creator of alcohol
Dhanvantari, the doctor
Chandra, the moon
Kamadhenu, the wish-granting divine cow
Kalpavriksha, the wish-granting tree
Airavata, the elephant of Indra
Apsaras, various divine nymphs like Rambha, Menaka, Punjikasthala, etc.
Uchhaishravas, the divine 7-headed horse
Sharanga, the bow of Vishnu
Shankha Vishnu's conch
Amrita the nectar of immortality.

This list varies from Purana to Purana and is also slightly different in the epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata

The nectar of immortality

Finally, Dhanvantari, the heavenly physician, emerged with a pot containing amrita, the heavenly nectar of immortality. Fierce fighting ensued between devas and asuras for the nectar. To protect the nectar from asuras, devas hid the pot of nectar at four places on the earth - Prayag (Allahabad), Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik. At each of these places, a drop of the nectar spilled from the pot and it is believed that these places acquired mystical power. A Kumbh Mela is celebrated at the four places every twelve years for this reason.

However, the Asuras eventually got hold of the nectar and started celebrating. Frightened, devas (demigods) appealed to Vishnu, who then took the form of Mohini. As a beautiful and enchanting damsel, Mohini distracted the asuras, took the amrita, and distributed it among the Adityas, who drank it. One asura, Rahu, disguised himself as a deva and drank some nectar. Due to their luminous nature, the sun god Surya and the moon god Chandra noticed the switching of sides. They informed Mohini. But before the nectar could pass his throat, Mohini cut off his head with her divine discus, the Sudarshana Chakra. The head, due to its contact with the amrita, remained immortal. To gain revenge on the sun and moon for exposing this, the immortal head occasionally swallows the sun or the moon, causing eclipses. Then, the sun or moon passes through the opening at the neck, ending the eclipse.

The story ends with the rejuvenated Adityas defeating the asuras.

Symbolism of Samudra manthan

The story represents the spiritual endeavor of a person to achieve self-realisation through concentration of mind, withdrawal of senses, control of desires and practice of austerities and asceticism.

The Devas and Asuras represent the positives and negatives respectively of one's personality. The participation of both the Devas and the Asuras signifies that when one is seeking bliss through spiritual practice, one has to integrate and harmonise both the positive and negative aspects and put both the energies to work for the common goal.
The ocean of milk is the mind or the human consciousness. The mind is like an ocean while the thoughts and emotions are the waves in the ocean.
Mandhara, the mountain symbolises concentration. The word Mandhara is made up of two words Mana (mind) and Dhara (a single line) which means holding the mind in one line. This is possible only by concentration.
Mount Mandhara was upheld by Lord Vishnu as a Kurma (tortoise). The tortoise here symbolises the withdrawal of the senses into oneself (just as a tortoise withdraws its head into its shell) as one practices mental concentration and meditation or contemplation.
Vasuki symbolises desire. Vasuki used in the churning of the ocean denotes that the Devas and the demons held desire (to seek immortality) as a rope and churned the mind with the help of concentration and withdrawal of the senses. Desire, if not controlled will overpower and destroy an individual.
The Halahala poison symbolises suffering and pain (counter-reaction of the mind and body) that one undergoes at the beginning of spiritual sadhana (practice). When the mind is subjected to intense concentration, the first thing that comes out of the process is intense suffering and great inner turmoil. These must be resolved otherwise further progress is not possible.
Lord Shiva symbolises the ascetic principle. His role in this story as the consumer of poison suggests that one can deal with the early problems of spiritual life by cultivating the qualities of Lord Shiva, namely, courage, initiative, willingness, discipline, simplicity, austerity, detachment, compassion, pure love and asceticism.
The various precious objects that come out of the ocean during the churning stand for the psychic or spiritual powers (Siddhis) which one gains as s/he progresses spiritually from stage to stage. The seeker should be careful about these powers as they can hamper her/his progress unless s/he uses them judiciously, not for selfish gains but for others' welfare. This is the reason why the Gods and demons distributed these objects as they did not want to lose sight of their original aim which was to gain immortality.
Dhanvantari symbolises health and signifies that immortality (longevity, to be correct) or spiritual success can be achieved only when the body and the mind are in a perfect state of health.
Mohini symbolises delusion of the mind in the form of (or originating from) pride. It is the pride of achievement to which the asuras or the demons succumbed and thus lost sight of their goal. Pride and egoism are the last hurdles one has to overcome in spiritual life before experiencing self-realisation.
The Amrit symbolises the ultimate achievement of the goal of self-realistion.
Lakshmi represents universal enrichment which comes as an automatic by-product of the internal self-realization or Amrita

IF YOU WANT ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS or other coins,stamps MAIL TO musham3@gmail.com,

britishindiabanknotes,indianbanknotes,republicindia,ancientcoins,
postalhistory,bengalbanknotes,moghul,sultanatecoins,farmans,,musham,
exchangecoins,banknotesexchange,eastindiabanknotes,
Please reply.

stamps,coins,ancient,bank,notes,alexander,bible,byzantine,moghul,sultanate,indiastocknote1891,moghulfarmans,philately,numismatics,britishindia,danish,india,neterlands,foreign,notes,postal,history,stamps,

http://philanumiscom.blogspot.com/
http://indianbanknotes.blogspot.com
musham.sampasite.com/
http://mushamworld.blogspot.com/
http://rareindianbanknotes.blogspot.com/
http://islamicscience.vox.com/
http://ancientcoins.sampa.com
Father of the Youngest Stamp collector in the WORLD
Calculated velocity of light from Nannaya Maha Bharata,1012AD;
Prime minister of INDIA Shri.Rajiv Gandhi released my book

MY HOBBIES

coins,postalhistory,banknotes,alexander,bible,
moghul,sultanate,
indiastocknote1891,bombay,bengal,farmans,
kingsalaryreciepts,
ancientcoins,mythology,ancientscience,
speedoflight,gods,
Philately, Numismatics,Epigraphy,Ancient Science,Pyretic,islamicscience,buddhistscience,
musham,Metallurgy,
Astronomy,Vaastu,Mathematics,geography,
Mythology,ancient coins, gods,
Telugu cinema,Playing Cards. Stamps.
Coins, Currency notes ,HISTORY OF BANKING
,Rulers,India,Sciences,vedic literature,
echo sound,Forts,Hyderabad.BHUDDHISM,
SOUTH INDIA,satavahana,Coins of BHUDDHA,
historyofhandloom, textiles,telugunews,bsramulu,
Banking,BANKOFBENGAL,TEMPLES,ANDHRA,
WONDERS,news,teluguscience,Telugunews,
Science,history,sculptures,temples,
monuments,coins,stamps,musham,

HISTORY OF SATAVAHANA RULERS ,musham3@gmail.com,

MUSHAM BANKNOTES ANCIENTCOINS,STAMPS,POSTALHISTORY MY @ MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM
There are divergent views regarding the starting period of the Satavahana chronology and the total duration of the dynasty. According to D. R. Bhandarkar the Satavahana rule commenced in the 6 th or 5 th century B.C. But other scholars did not accept this view. Dr. M. Rama Rao held the view that the Satavahanas flourished between 221A.D.

Simukha (221-198 B.C.)

After the death of Ashoka the Mauryan Empire declined rapidly. Taking advantage of the confusion in north India, the Satavahanas asserted their independence. Under the able rule of Simukha, the founder of the dynasty, the Satavahana power extended towards western Deccan. He ruled for about 23 years and was succeeded by his younger brother Krishna in 198 B.C.

Krishna (198-180 B.C. )

Krishna continued the policy of his brother and extended the empire towards the west as far as Nasik. It is unfortunate that very few details are available about him. Even his figure is not found among the Naneghat relievos. These relievos constructed under the order of Naganika, the queen of Satakarni 1 who succeeded Krishna, contain the figures of Naganika, her children, her father, her husband and his father. The absence of Krishna’s figure in Naneghat relievos led many to believe that he had usurped the throne.

Satakarni (180-170 B.C.)

We know many details about the reign of Satakarni from the Naneghat inscription issued by his wife Naganika or Nayanika. She was the daughter of Maharathi Tranakayior and made her personality felt in the affairs of the kingdom. Satakarni was the contemporary of Pusyamitra Sunga of Magadha and Kharavela of kalinga. From the Naneghat inscription it is evident that Satakarni conquer western Malwa, Anupa or the Narmada valley and Vidarbha. The inscription further states that Satakarni performed the Aswamedha sacrifices and one Rajasuya sacrifice in commemoration of these victories and proclaimed himself Samrat and assumed the titles of ‘Dakshinapathi’ and ‘Aprathihatahachakra’. He succeeded by his minor son Vedasri. Naganika acted as regent and carried on the administration. Vedasri died a minor and was succeeded by is brother Satisri. Not much is known about these kings and their successors. The next important ruler was Satakarni 2 who ruled from 152-96 B.C.

Satakarni II (152-96 B.C.)

The long rule of Satakarni II is memorable in the history of the Satavahanas since Pataliputra; the famous capital of Magadha came under their control for the first time. Satakarni II extended his empire by conquering Vidisa and Kalinga. But towards the end of his reign, the Sakas had conquered western Deccan. Very little is known about the successors of Satakarni II. The next important king was Hala who from 19-24 A.D.

Hala (19-24 A.D.)

Hala, the seventeenth king of the Satavahanas is mentioned by Vatsyayana in his Kamasutra and Rajasekhara in his Kavya Mimamsa. Hala patronized literature and arts. The Prakrit work Saptasati is ascribed to him. Gunadhya the author of Brihat Katha was his contemporary. As he was a patron of poets, he was known by the title Kavivatsala. He married a Ceylonese princess on the banks of the Sapta-Godavari-Bhima River. After Hala, once again there is a break in the history of the Satavahanas. They lost their province in central and western India and also Magadha. They were confined to their home territories in the Andhra Desa.

THE coins of satavahana are very rare i have few spares if anyone interested contact me by email ok

SATAVAHANA rulers birth by ASWAMEGHA yagam,musham3@gmail.com

MUSHAM BANKNOTES ANCIENTCOINS,STAMPS,POSTALHISTORY MY @ MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM


History of SATAVAHANA
Short references about coins
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musham.Damodhar Rao,

BlockNo30,1floor,SanjevayyaNagarcolony,

WestMarredpally;secunderabad; AP;PIN 500026;

mobile 9441816605; 040-27804112 ,

Email;musham3@gmail.com http:www.musham.wordpress.com

Satavahana rulers were quoted in old works like the Aitareya Brahmana,the Epics ,

the Paraná’s, the early Buddhist and Jain works.Gunadhya's Brhatkatha,

Hala's Gathasaptasati and Vatsyayana'sKamasutras reflected the

social and cultural life of the Satavahana period.

The Kathasaritsagara mentions the story of a king named Dipakarni

who saw a boy riding a Sata or lion, adopted him and named him

Satavahana

'Satavahana' and 'Satakarni' are the two standard names by which the

rulers of that dynasty are referred to in their inscriptions and coins.

Various explanations have been given for these names: Satkarni means

" the son of a horse", and explained in terms of the Aswamedha tradition.

Barnett explained Satkarni as meaning the son of Sata. Sometime it is taken

to mean as one who has a hundred ships, or one whose vehicle is drawn by

hundred bulls or the one with his ears bored. The Kathasaritsagara mentions

the story of a king named Dipakarni who saw a boy riding a Sata or lion,

adopted him and named him Satavahana or the one who had a lion for his vehicle.

It is also suggested that Satavahana is only a variant of 'Saptavahana',

meaning the sun, and that they were so called because they were the worshippers

of the sun. these theories, however, have been discarded by Dr. M. Rama Rao,

who has argued that the dynasty has been named after the founder of the dynasty,

who ruled before Simukha.

Przyluski thinks that Sata and vahana, the constituents of Satavahana, are both

Mundawords; the former is the Sanskrtisation of the Munda word sadam meaning

a horse and the latter ofhapan meaning a son. Satavahanas were “sons of horse”

as they believed themselves to be born of the chief queen with the sacrificial horse

in the Asvamedha sacrifice So many kings in the Puranic dynasties as well as in

historic ruling families werecelebrated performers of the Asvamedha sacrifice

SATAVAHANA DYNASTY OF TELANGANA BHUDDISTS

MUSHAM BANKNOTES ANCIENTCOINS,STAMPS,POSTALHISTORY MY @ MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

SATAVAHANA First rulers of telangana REGION.We have history from Aitareya Brahman
of Vishwamitra lineage

SATAVAHANA DYNASTY OF TELANGANA BHUDDISTS
The first mention of the Satavahana is in the Aitareya Brahmana,mentioning them to be of Vishwamitra’s lineage.In the Puranas and on their coins the dynasty is variously referred to as the Satavahanas, Satakarnis, Andhras and Andhrabhrityas. A reference to the Satavahanas by the Greek traveller Megasthenes indicates that they possessed 100,000 infantry, 1,000 elephants, and had more than 30 well built fortified towns:

Next come the Andarae, a still more powerful race, which possesses numerous villages, and thirty towns defended by walls and towers, and which supplies its king with an army of 100,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry, and 1,000 elephants.
—Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8-23. 11., quoting Megasthenes

The Satavahanas ruled a large and powerful empire that withstood the onslaughts from Central Asia. Aside from their military power, their commercialism and naval activity is evidenced by establishment of Indian colonies in southeast Asia for the first time in history
dress courtesyAlkazi

ERROR 100 rupees A big SecondA small RARE

MUSHAM BANKNOTES ANCIENTCOINS,STAMPS,POSTALHISTORY MY @ MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

BIBLE period coin used by local people,musham3@gmail.com,

One day Jesus sat at the Temple and watched people putting money into the offering boxes. Some people were rich and gave lots of money. Some gave money, but were unhappy about it. Then an poor woman, a widow, came up to the boxes. The poor woman put two of the smallest coins there were in the offering box. The disciples with Jesus weren't very impressed, but Jesus said this woman has given more than any other today Mark 12:41-44 41 ;Luke 21:1-4 1
The “Widow’s Mite” Biblical coin refers to the story of the poor widow whom Jesus Christ commended in the Temple for having given all she had, two “mites”. These same widow’s mite coins, now over 2,000 years old, are available to purchase and own today. .
Mark 12:41-44 tells the story of The Widow's Mites. "Jesus ... beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much. And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites ... And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, that this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury: For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had."

"I have felt many times like the widow. In times when there is a little to spare the choice to give seems easy, but on those days when there isn't enough to go around the decision to give seems more difficult. At those times my faith is tested and I must ask myself if I truly believe Him when He said, 'Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in mine house, and prove me now herewith, saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive it' (Malachi 3:10).

"When I can't seem to make ends meet and things are tight, I know that giving is still the only answer. Throughout my life when I have cast in my 'mites', regardless of my circumstance, the Lord has always kept His promise and thrown open to me and my family the windows of heaven."

BritishIndia 1891 indiastock company banknote

i have few rare uncatalogued Indian bank notes
Came to know about you from net;;;SEE http://rareindianbanknotes.blogspot.com/
I have some rare Indian banknotes for sale hope they may be of your interest,or please pass on info to collectors/dealers who may be interested OK
Ask me for list common Indian world banknotes coins stamps etc see blog for details for sale or exchange. MAIL TO @@@ musham3@gmail.com
RARE U N C A T A L O G U E D BANK N O T E
INDIA STOCK NOTE 1891 FOR 100 RUPEES ISSUED BY ALLAHABAD CIRCLE,[similar to USA,P-280 USA 1860-91]A VERY RARE uncatalogued bank note of'' India stock note 1891''; with a small hole cancellation; as all notes are cancelled due to an financial crisis of the world starting IN USA spreading to commonwealth and to INDIA. AN HISTORICAL PIECE .A MUST HAVE FOR RARE NOTES OF THE WORLD.
SIMILAR NOTE WAS ONLY ISSUED IN USA ONLY IN 1861-1890 with interest coupon attached.
INTEREST BEARING NOTES OF USA UNDER THE A CT OF 17-3-1861 [0897]
P 280 50$ eagle at center 7-3 / 10 % interest for 3 years coupons attached and printed with the bank note to be detached later as in INDIA STOCK NOTE OF 1890 WITH 4% INTEREST COUPON ATTACHED

Naked Flagpole without FLAG over Parliament on 50 rs banknote

Naked Flagpole without FLAG over Parliament on 50 rs banknote

Naked Flagpole without FLAG over Parliament on 50 rs banknote

Naked Flagpole without FLAG over Parliament on 50 rs banknote

SINGLE ENGLISH line on 10 rs bank note

SINGLE ENGLISH line on 10 rs bank note

SINGLE ENGLISH line on 10 rs bank note

SINGLE ENGLISH line on 10 rs bank note

Khadi dress used in STARWAR ACTOR Mace Windu DRESS

Khādī or khaddar simply means handspun cotton,

Khādī is Indian handspun and hand-woven cloth. The raw materials may be cotton, silk, or wool, which are spun into threads on a spinning wheel called a charkha.

Khādī is a versatile fabric, cool in summers and warm in winters. Being a cruder form of material, it crumples much faster than other preparations of cotton. In order to improve the look, khādī is often starched to have a stiffer shape. It is widely accepted in fashion circles these days.

Mahatma Gandhi began promoting the spinning of khādī for rural self-employment in 1920s India. He also wanted to spread the message of not using foreign clothes. The freedom struggle revolved around the use of khādī fabrics and the dumping of foreign-made clothes. Thus it symbolized the political ideas and independence itself, and to this day most politicians in India are seen only in khādī clothing. The flag of India is only allowed to be made from this material, although in practice many flag manufacturers, especially those outside of India, ignore this rule.

Khādī was used, and dyed random colors, in some of the costumes for the Star Wars FILM such as Mace Windu's (Samuel L. Jackson) DRESS.strange fact.

Khadi dress used in STARWAR ACTOR Mace Windu DRESS

Khādī or khaddar simply means handspun cotton,

Khādī is Indian handspun and hand-woven cloth. The raw materials may be cotton, silk, or wool, which are spun into threads on a spinning wheel called a charkha.

Khādī is a versatile fabric, cool in summers and warm in winters. Being a cruder form of material, it crumples much faster than other preparations of cotton. In order to improve the look, khādī is often starched to have a stiffer shape. It is widely accepted in fashion circles these days.

Mahatma Gandhi began promoting the spinning of khādī for rural self-employment in 1920s India. He also wanted to spread the message of not using foreign clothes. The freedom struggle revolved around the use of khādī fabrics and the dumping of foreign-made clothes. Thus it symbolized the political ideas and independence itself, and to this day most politicians in India are seen only in khādī clothing. The flag of India is only allowed to be made from this material, although in practice many flag manufacturers, especially those outside of India, ignore this rule.

Khādī was used, and dyed random colors, in some of the costumes for the Star Wars FILM such as Mace Windu's (Samuel L. Jackson) DRESS.strange fact.

George VI 10 rs bank note UNC

George VI 10 rs bank note UNC

George VI 10 rs bank note UNC

George VI 10 rs bank note UNC

100 rupee coin of Kamaraj Chief Minister of Madras 1954

Kamaraj Kumarasami,Tamilian better known as K. Kamaraj (15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975) was an Indian politician widely considered to be the only kingmaker in Indian politics, and known for his honesty, integrity and simplicity.
On April 13, 1954, K. Kamaraj became the Chief Minister of Madras region province
He was involved in the Indian independence movement and was a close ally of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. He was instrumental in bringing to power two Prime Ministers, Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1964 and Indira Gandhi in 1966. He was affectionately known as the Gandhi of the South. In Tamil Nadu, his home state, he is still hailed for facilitating the spread of education to millions of the rural poor by introducing free education and free mid-day meals scheme in schools for the first time in the whole world during his chief-ministership in 1957. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976. The main airport in Chennai is today named Kamaraj airport in his honor. He was hailed as one of the greatest of politicians of all the free world by the then US vice-president Hubert Humphre

100 rupee coin of Kamaraj Chief Minister of Madras 1954

Kamaraj Kumarasami,Tamilian better known as K. Kamaraj (15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975) was an Indian politician widely considered to be the only kingmaker in Indian politics, and known for his honesty, integrity and simplicity.
On April 13, 1954, K. Kamaraj became the Chief Minister of Madras region province
He was involved in the Indian independence movement and was a close ally of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. He was instrumental in bringing to power two Prime Ministers, Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1964 and Indira Gandhi in 1966. He was affectionately known as the Gandhi of the South. In Tamil Nadu, his home state, he is still hailed for facilitating the spread of education to millions of the rural poor by introducing free education and free mid-day meals scheme in schools for the first time in the whole world during his chief-ministership in 1957. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976. The main airport in Chennai is today named Kamaraj airport in his honor. He was hailed as one of the greatest of politicians of all the free world by the then US vice-president Hubert Humphre